1. Isaac
Asimov had perhaps the greatest impact on robots in literature with his
very human creations and their deeply ingrained Three Laws of Robotics:
ü
A robot may not injure a human
being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
ü
A robot must obey orders given
it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
ü
A robot must protect its own
existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second
Law.
EPSRC/AHRC Principles of Robotics
In 2011, the Engineering and Physical
Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
and the Arts and
Humanities Research Council (AHRC) of Great Britain jointly published a set of five ethical "principles
for designers, builders and users of robots" in the real world, along with seven "high-level messages"
intended to be conveyed, based on a September 2010 research workshop:
ü Robots
should not be designed solely or primarily to kill or harm humans.
ü Humans,
not robots, are responsible agents. Robots are tools designed to achieve human
goals.
ü Robots
should be designed in ways that assure their safety and security.
ü Robots
are artifacts; they should not be designed to exploit vulnerable users by
evoking an emotional response or dependency. It should always be possible to
tell a robot from a human.
ü It
should always be possible to find out who is legally responsible for a robot.
The messages
intended to be conveyed were:
ü We
believe robots have the potential to provide immense positive impact to
society. We want to encourage responsible robot research.
ü Bad
practice hurts us all.
ü Addressing
obvious public concerns will help us all make progress.
ü It
is important to demonstrate that we, as roboticists, are committed to the best
possible standards of practice.
ü To
understand the context and consequences of our research, we should work with
experts from other disciplines, including: social sciences, law, philosophy and
the arts.
ü We
should consider the ethics of transparency: are there limits to what should be
openly available?
ü When
we see erroneous accounts in the press, we commit to take the time to contact
the reporting journalists.
3. Laws Of Artificial Intelligence by
Satya Nadella
ü
"A.I. must be
designed to assist humanity" meaning human autonomy needs to be respected.
ü
"A.I. must be
transparent" meaning that humans should know and be able to understand how
they work.
ü
"A.I. must
maximize efficiencies without destroying the dignity of people".
ü
"A.I. must be
designed for intelligent privacy" meaning that it earns trust through
guarding their information.
ü
"A.I. must have
algorithmic accountability so that humans can undo unintended harm".
ü
"A.I. must guard against
bias" so that they must not discriminate people.
Tilden’s Laws
Mark W. Tilden proposed three guiding
principles/rules for robots, which do not pertain to humans or humanity, but to
robots themselves:
ü
A robot must protect its existence at all costs.
ü
A robot must obtain and maintain access to its own power source.
ü
A robot must continually search for better power sources.
